Charidotella (s. str.) sexpunctata (Fabricius, 1781)
Cassida 6 punctata Fabricius, 1781: 109 (HT in ZMK), 1787: 63, 1792: 296, 1801: 395; Gmelin, 1787: 1636; Olivier, 1790: 382, 1808: 961 (incl. fig.); Schönherr, 1817: 218.
Thyreaspis sexpunctata: Hope, 1840 b: 90.
Coptocycla sexpunctata: Boheman, 1855: 137, 1856: 162, 1862: 402; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3674; Wagener, 1877: 56.
Metriona sexpunctata: Weise, 1896 b: 14; Blackwelder, 1946: 752; Buzzi, 1994: 209.
Metriona (Metriona) sexpunctata: Spaeth, 1914 g: 140.
Metriona 6-punctata: Tenebaum, 1927: 37.
Charidotella sexpunctata: Spaeth, 1942 b: 36; Noguera, 1988: 306 (incl. photo); Maes and Staines, 1991: 42; Flowers, 1991: 309; Windsor et al., 1992: 390; Borowiec, 1996 a: 146, 1998 b: 199, 2002 a: 62, 2009 f: 638; Mohamedsaid, 2000 b: 376; Borowiec and Moragues, 2005: 253; Flinte et al., 2008: 202; Cuignet, 2008: 364, 366 (parasitoids); Borowiec and Takizawa, 2011: 434.
Charidotella (s. str.) sexpunctata: Borowiec, 1989 b: 217, 1999 d: 334; Virkki et al., 1992: 38 (karyotype); Chaboo, 2003 a: 114; Chaboo and Borowiec, 2003: 75; Flinte et al., 2009: 577 (colour photo p. 608).
Cassida bicolor Fabricius, 1798: 83 (HT in ZMK), 1801: 396; Herbst, 1799: 352; Schönherr, 1817: 220 (as syn. of aurichalcea); Borowiec, 1989 b: 217 (as syn. of sexpunctata).
Thyreaspis bicolor: Hope, 1840 b: 90.
Coptocycla aurichalcea var. bicolor: Boheman, 1855: 142.
Coptocycla bicolor: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3666; Champion, 1894: 212.
Metriona bicolor: Weise, 1896 b: 14; Barber, 1916: 124; Blackwelder, 1946: 751; Balsbaugh and Hays, 1972: 197; Wilcox, 1975: 158; Woodroof, 1976: 1 (incl. egg, larva, pupa, fig.); Riley and Enns, 1979: 81; Buzzi, 1994: 209 (host plant).
Metriona (Metriona) bicolor: Spaeth, 1914 g: 137.
Charidotella bicolor: Riley, 1986: 110; Leblanc, 1986: 1-9 (incl. fig., immature stag., biology); Hull-Sanders et all., 2003: 625-634 (physiol.).
Charidotella sexpunctata bicolor: Riley et al., 2001: 4.
Cassida bistripustulata Herbst, 1799: 256 (TE in ?); Schönherr, 1817: 218 (as syn. of sexpunctata); Riley et al., 2001: 5 (as syn. of Ch. sexpunctata bicolor).
Cassida bistripunctata Herbst, 1799: 275; Schönherr, 1817: 220 (bis-tripunctata, as syn. of aurichalcea); Champion, 1894: 212 (as syn. of bicolor); Borowiec, 1989 b: 217 (as syn. of sexpunctata).
Coptocycla bis-tripunctata: Boheman, 1855: 141, 1856: 163, 1862: 402; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3667.
Cassida marylandica Herbst, 1799: 274 (TE in ?); Schönherr, 1817: 216; Boheman, 1855: 524, 1856: 205, 1862: 487; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3671; Champion, 1894: 212 (as syn. of bicolor); Borowiec, 1989 b: 217 (as syn. of sexpunctata).
Cassida pallida Herbst, 1799: 262 (TE in ?); Schönherr, 1817: 218; Boheman, 1855: 523, 1856: 205, 1862: 487; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3672; Spaeth, 1914 g: 137 (as syn. of bicolor); Borowiec, 1989 b: 217 (as syn. of sexpunctata); Riley et al., 2001: 5 (as syn. of Ch. sexpunctata bicolor).
Cassida aurichalcea Fabricius, 1801: 397 (HT in ZMK); Olivier, 1808: 965 (incl. fig.); Walsh and Riley, 1869: 237 (larva); Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3666 (as syn. of bicolor); Borowiec, 1989 b: 217 (as syn. of sexpunctata); Riley et al., 2001: 5 (as syn. of Ch. sexpunctata bicolor).
Thyreaspis aurichalcea: Hope, 1840 b: 90.
Coptocycla aurichalcea: Boheman, 1855: 142, 1856: 163, 1862: 402; Crotch, 1873: 78.
Cassida aurisplendens Mannerheim, 1843: 307 (TE in ?); Crotch, 1873: 78 (as syn. of aurichalcea); Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3666 (as syn. of bicolor); Riley et al., 2001: 5 (as syn. of Ch. sexpunctata bicolor).
Coptocycla aurisplendens: Boheman, 1855: 349, 1856: 185, 1862: 452.
Metriona bicolor ab. aurisplendens: Spaeth, 1914 g: 137; Blackwelder, 1946: 751.
Coptocycla trisignata Boheman, 1855: 138 (ST! in NRS!, MNHN, NMW), 1856: 162, 1862: 402; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3675; Champion, 1894: 210; Borowiec, 1989 b: 217 (as syn. of sexpunctata).
Metriona (Metriona) trisignata: Spaeth, 1914 g: 141.
Metriona trisignata: Blackwelder, 1946: 753; Freude, 1949: 127; Wilcox, 1975: 159; Koch, 1982: 187 (physiology).
Coptocycla ternata Boheman, 1855: 139 (ST! in NRS!, MNHN, IZPAS!), 1856: 162, 1862: 402; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3675; Wagener, 1877: 56; Borowiec, 1989 b: 217 (as syn. of sexpunctata); Wêgrzynowicz and W¹sowska, 1996: 44.
Metriona (Metriona) trisignata ab. ternata: Spaeth, 1914 g: 141.
Metriona trisignata ab. ternata: Weise, 1921: 199 (larva); Blackwelder, 1946: 753.
Charidotella sexpunctata ssp. ternata: Spaeth, 1942 b: 36.
Coptocycla biimpressa Boheman, 1855: 140 (HT! in NRS!), 1856: 162, 1862: 402; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3666; Borowiec, 1989 b: 217 (as syn. of sexpunctata).
Coptocycla trisignata var. bi-impressa: Champion, 1894: 211.
Metriona (Metriona) trisignata ab. biimpressa: Spaeth, 1914 g: 141.
Metriona trisignata ab. biimpressa: Blackwelder, 1946: 753.
Coptocycla immerita Boheman, 1855: 346 (TE in ?ZMHU), 1856: 185, 1862: 452; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3670; Borowiec, 1989 b: 217 (as syn. of sexpunctata).
Metriona (Metriona) immerita: Spaeth, 1914 g: 139.
Metriona immerita: Blackwelder, 1946: 752.
Charidotis sexpustulata Donckier, 1884: 154 (TE in ?); Spaeth, 1914 g: 148, 1936 c: 99 (as syn. of sexpunctata); Blackwelder, 1946: 755.
Metriona bicolor floridana Schaeffer, 1925: 235 (TE in ?); Borowiec, 1989 b: 217 (as syn. of sexpunctata); Riley et al., 2001: 4 (as syn of Ch. sexpunctata bicolor).
Coptocycla aurata Knoch: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3666 (nomen nudum).
Host plant: Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea pescaprae (Weise, 1921); Ipomoea batatas (Monte, 1932 b); Ipomoea arborescens, batatas, crassicaulis, leptophyla (Woodroof, 1976); Calystegia sepium, Ipomoea purpurea (Barrows, 1979); Ipomoea pandurata, I. lacunosa, Convolvulus sepium (Riley and Enns, 1979); Convolvulus spp. (Leblanc, 1986); Merremia quinquefolia, Ipomoea spp. (Noguera, 1988); Ipomoea cairica, I. acuminata, I. batatas (Vasconcellos-Neto, 1988); Merremia aegyptia, Ipomoea hederifolia, I. trifida (Windsor et al., 1992).
Distr.: sexpunctata: Cayennae; bicolor: America boreali; bistripustulata: ; bistripunctata: ?; marylandica: Maryland; pallida: Karolina; aurichalcea: Carolina; aurisplendens: California; trisignata: Mexico ad Yucatan; ternata: Brasilia; biimpressa: Mexico ad Alvarado; immerita: Columbia; sexpustulata: Bahia; floridana: Florida: Miami, Orange Grove, Tampa. From Canada to N Argentina.
figure: habitus in colour (two forms)
figure: life specimens
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