Stolas discoides (Linnaeus, 1758)

Cassida discoides Linnaeus, 1758: 364 (TE unknown), 1767: 578; Fabricius, 1775: 93, 1781: 114, 1787: 66, 1792: 306, 1801: 407; Goeze, 1777: 208; Lichtenstein, 1795: 65; Herbst, 1799: 319.

Mesomphalia discoides: Boheman, 1850: 306, 1956: 54, 1862: 145; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3631; Wagener, 1881: 74; Maulik, 1916: 580.

Pseudomesomphalia discoides: Spaeth, 1914 g: 35, 1942 b: 24.

Stolas discoides: Blackwelder, 1946: 738; Borowiec, 1996 a: 233, 1998 b: 182, 1999 d: 138, 2002 a: 119, 2009 f: 706; Chaboo and Borowiec, 2003: 74, 76; Borowiec and Moragues, 2005: 273; Borowiec and Takizawa, 2011: 457.

Cassida bipustula Linnaeus, 1763: 392 (TE unknown), 1767: 578; Goeze, 1777: 209; Gmelin, 1787: 1643; Fabricius, 1775: 93 (2 pustulata), 1781: 114, 1787: 66, 1792: 306, 1801: 407; Olivier, 1790: 391, 1808: 938 (incl. fig.); Lichtenstein, 1795: 65; Herbst, 1799: 324; Illiger, 1802: 409; Schoenherr, 1817: 228.

Mesomphalia bipustula: Hope, 1840 b: 4.

Mesomphalia bipustulata [sic]: Hope, 1840 b: 91; Boheman, 1850: 303, 1856: 53, 1862: 144; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630; Wagener, 1881: 74.

Pseudomesomphalia discoides ssp. bipustulata: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36.

Pseudomesomphalia discoides var. bipustulata: Weise, 1921: 193.

Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. bipustulata: Spaeth, 1942 b: 24.

Stolas discoides ssp. bipustulata: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.

Stolas bipustulata: Haitlinger, 1993 b: 279 (phoretic mites).

Cassida quadrimaculata De Geer, 1775: 183 (TE unknown); Schönherr, 1817: 228 (as syn. of discoides).

Cassida cuprea Fabricius, 1787: 380 (HT in ZMK),1792: 306, 1801: 408; Olivier, 1790: 388; Herbst, 1799: 321; Schoenherr, 1817: 228 (as syn. of bipustulata).

Mesomphalia cuprea: Hope, 1840 b: 92.

Mesomphalia bipustulata var. cuprea: Boheman, 1856: 53; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630.

Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. cuprea: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36.

Stolas discoides ab. cuprea: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.

Cassida discoidea [sic]: Olivier, 1790: 391, 1808: 936 (incl. fig.); Fabricius, 1801: 407; Schoenherr, 1817: 228 (as syn. of discoides).

Mesomphalia discoidea: Hope, 1840 a: 95, 1840 b: 91.

Cassida tetrastigma Lichtenstein, 1795: 65 (TE unknown); Schoenherr, 1817: 228; Boheman, 1850: 304 (as syn. of bipustulata).

Cassida tetrastigma Herbst, 1799: 318 (TE unknown).

Cassida phlyctaena Lichtenstain, 1795: 65 (TE unknown); Schoenherr, 1817: 228; Bohmean, 1856: 53 (as syn. of discors).

Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. phlyctaena: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36, 1942 b: 24.

Stolas discoides a. phlyctaena: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.

Cassida pavonina Lichtenstein, 1795: 65 (TE unknown); Schoenherr, 1817: 229.

Cassida pavonina Herbst, 1799: 322 (TE unknown).

Mesomphalia sexpustulata var. pavonina: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3635.

Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. pavonina: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36.

Stolas discoides ab. pavonina: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.

Cassida decussata Herbst, 1799: 320 (TE in ?ZMHU); Schoenherr, 1817: 227; Spaeth, 1914 g: 35 (as syn. of discoides).

Mesomphalia decussata: Boheman, 1850: 382, 1856: 65, 1862: 177; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3631.

Cassida discors Fabricius, 1801: 408 (ST in ZMK); Olivier, 1808: 938 (incl. fig.); Schönherr, 1817: 228; Boheman, 1850: 304 (as syn. of bipustulata).

Mesomphalia discors: Hope, 1840 a: 95, 1840 b: 91.

Mesomphalia bipustulata var. discors: Boheman, 1856: 53; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630.

Cassida didyma Olivier, 1808: 941 (TE in ?, incl. fig.); Boheman, 1856: 65 (as syn. of decussata).

Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. didyma: Spaeth, 1914 g: 35.

Stolas discoides ab. didyma: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.

Cassida nitidula Olivier, 1808: 939 (TE in ?, incl. fig.).

Mesomphalia nitidula: Boheman, 1850: 382, 1856: 65, 1862: 177; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3633.

Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. nitidula: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36.

Stolas discoides ab. nitidula: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.

Cassida 12-pustulata Olivier, 1790: 393 (TE in ?), 1808: 940 (incl. fig.); Fabricius, 1798: 85, 1801: 408; Herbst, 1799: 354; Boheman, 1850: 304 (as syn. of bipustulata); Schoenherr, 1817: 229.

Poecilaspis duodecimpustulata: Hope, 1840 b: 92.

Mesomphalia bipustulata var. duodecimpustulata: Boheman, 1856: 53; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630.

Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. duodecim-pustulata: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36, 1942 b: 24.

Stolas discoides ab. duodecimpustulata: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.

Mesomphalia bipustulata var. quadripunctata Voet: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630 (nomen nudum).

Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. quadripunctata Spaeth, 1942 b: 24.

Mesomphalia chalcoptera Boheman, 1850: 270 (LT! in NRS!, PLT! in ZMHU!), 1856: 45, 1862: 118; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630; Wagener, 1881: 69.

Pseudomesomphalia chalcopetra: Spaeth, 1942 b: 25.

Pseudomesomphalia discoides ssp. chalcoptera: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36.

Stolas discoides ssp. chalcoptera: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.

Mesomphalia hilaris Chevrol.: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3631 (nomen nudum).

Mesomphalia paramariboensis Voet: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3631 (nomen nudum).

Host plant: Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea batatas (Silva et al., 1968).

Distr.: discoides: America; bipustula: America meridionali; quadrimaculata: Surinam; cuprea: Cajennae; tetrastigma Lichtenstein: not given; tetrastigma Herbst: not given; phylactena: not given; pavonina Lichtenstein: not given; pavonina Herbst: not given; decussata: Indien; discors: America meridionali; didyma: Amérique méridionale; nitidula: Guyane; duodecimpustulata: Cayenne; chalcoptera: Columbia. N Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador; French Guyana; Honduras: S. Esteban; Peru; Surinam; Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela.

figure: habitus in colour (immaculate form)
figure:
habitus in colour (three maculate form)
figure:
habitus in colour (three maculate form)
figure:
habitus in colour (three maculate form)

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