Stolas discoides (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cassida discoides Linnaeus, 1758: 364 (TE unknown), 1767: 578; Fabricius, 1775: 93, 1781: 114, 1787: 66, 1792: 306, 1801: 407; Goeze, 1777: 208; Lichtenstein, 1795: 65; Herbst, 1799: 319.
Mesomphalia discoides: Boheman, 1850: 306, 1956: 54, 1862: 145; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3631; Wagener, 1881: 74; Maulik, 1916: 580.
Pseudomesomphalia discoides: Spaeth, 1914 g: 35, 1942 b: 24.
Stolas discoides: Blackwelder, 1946: 738; Borowiec, 1996 a: 233, 1998 b: 182, 1999 d: 138, 2002 a: 119, 2009 f: 706; Chaboo and Borowiec, 2003: 74, 76; Borowiec and Moragues, 2005: 273; Borowiec and Takizawa, 2011: 457.
Cassida bipustula Linnaeus, 1763: 392 (TE unknown), 1767: 578; Goeze, 1777: 209; Gmelin, 1787: 1643; Fabricius, 1775: 93 (2 pustulata), 1781: 114, 1787: 66, 1792: 306, 1801: 407; Olivier, 1790: 391, 1808: 938 (incl. fig.); Lichtenstein, 1795: 65; Herbst, 1799: 324; Illiger, 1802: 409; Schoenherr, 1817: 228.
Mesomphalia bipustula: Hope, 1840 b: 4.
Mesomphalia bipustulata [sic]: Hope, 1840 b: 91; Boheman, 1850: 303, 1856: 53, 1862: 144; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630; Wagener, 1881: 74.
Pseudomesomphalia discoides ssp. bipustulata: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36.
Pseudomesomphalia discoides var. bipustulata: Weise, 1921: 193.
Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. bipustulata: Spaeth, 1942 b: 24.
Stolas discoides ssp. bipustulata: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.
Stolas bipustulata: Haitlinger, 1993 b: 279 (phoretic mites).
Cassida quadrimaculata De Geer, 1775: 183 (TE unknown); Schönherr, 1817: 228 (as syn. of discoides).
Cassida cuprea Fabricius, 1787: 380 (HT in ZMK),1792: 306, 1801: 408; Olivier, 1790: 388; Herbst, 1799: 321; Schoenherr, 1817: 228 (as syn. of bipustulata).
Mesomphalia cuprea: Hope, 1840 b: 92.
Mesomphalia bipustulata var. cuprea: Boheman, 1856: 53; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630.
Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. cuprea: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36.
Stolas discoides ab. cuprea: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.
Cassida discoidea [sic]: Olivier, 1790: 391, 1808: 936 (incl. fig.); Fabricius, 1801: 407; Schoenherr, 1817: 228 (as syn. of discoides).
Mesomphalia discoidea: Hope, 1840 a: 95, 1840 b: 91.
Cassida tetrastigma Lichtenstein, 1795: 65 (TE unknown); Schoenherr, 1817: 228; Boheman, 1850: 304 (as syn. of bipustulata).
Cassida tetrastigma Herbst, 1799: 318 (TE unknown).
Cassida phlyctaena Lichtenstain, 1795: 65 (TE unknown); Schoenherr, 1817: 228; Bohmean, 1856: 53 (as syn. of discors).
Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. phlyctaena: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36, 1942 b: 24.
Stolas discoides a. phlyctaena: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.
Cassida pavonina Lichtenstein, 1795: 65 (TE unknown); Schoenherr, 1817: 229.
Cassida pavonina Herbst, 1799: 322 (TE unknown).
Mesomphalia sexpustulata var. pavonina: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3635.
Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. pavonina: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36.
Stolas discoides ab. pavonina: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.
Cassida decussata Herbst, 1799: 320 (TE in ?ZMHU); Schoenherr, 1817: 227; Spaeth, 1914 g: 35 (as syn. of discoides).
Mesomphalia decussata: Boheman, 1850: 382, 1856: 65, 1862: 177; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3631.
Cassida discors Fabricius, 1801: 408 (ST in ZMK); Olivier, 1808: 938 (incl. fig.); Schönherr, 1817: 228; Boheman, 1850: 304 (as syn. of bipustulata).
Mesomphalia discors: Hope, 1840 a: 95, 1840 b: 91.
Mesomphalia bipustulata var. discors: Boheman, 1856: 53; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630.
Cassida didyma Olivier, 1808: 941 (TE in ?, incl. fig.); Boheman, 1856: 65 (as syn. of decussata).
Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. didyma: Spaeth, 1914 g: 35.
Stolas discoides ab. didyma: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.
Cassida nitidula Olivier, 1808: 939 (TE in ?, incl. fig.).
Mesomphalia nitidula: Boheman, 1850: 382, 1856: 65, 1862: 177; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3633.
Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. nitidula: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36.
Stolas discoides ab. nitidula: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.
Cassida 12-pustulata Olivier, 1790: 393 (TE in ?), 1808: 940 (incl. fig.); Fabricius, 1798: 85, 1801: 408; Herbst, 1799: 354; Boheman, 1850: 304 (as syn. of bipustulata); Schoenherr, 1817: 229.
Poecilaspis duodecimpustulata: Hope, 1840 b: 92.
Mesomphalia bipustulata var. duodecimpustulata: Boheman, 1856: 53; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630.
Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. duodecim-pustulata: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36, 1942 b: 24.
Stolas discoides ab. duodecimpustulata: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.
Mesomphalia bipustulata var. quadripunctata Voet: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630 (nomen nudum).
Pseudomesomphalia discoides ab. quadripunctata Spaeth, 1942 b: 24.
Mesomphalia chalcoptera Boheman, 1850: 270 (LT! in NRS!, PLT! in ZMHU!), 1856: 45, 1862: 118; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3630; Wagener, 1881: 69.
Pseudomesomphalia chalcopetra: Spaeth, 1942 b: 25.
Pseudomesomphalia discoides ssp. chalcoptera: Spaeth, 1914 g: 36.
Stolas discoides ssp. chalcoptera: Blackwelder, 1946: 738.
Mesomphalia hilaris Chevrol.: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3631 (nomen nudum).
Mesomphalia paramariboensis Voet: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3631 (nomen nudum).
Host plant: Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea batatas (Silva et al., 1968).
Distr.: discoides: America; bipustula: America meridionali; quadrimaculata: Surinam; cuprea: Cajennae; tetrastigma Lichtenstein: not given; tetrastigma Herbst: not given; phylactena: not given; pavonina Lichtenstein: not given; pavonina Herbst: not given; decussata: Indien; discors: America meridionali; didyma: Amérique méridionale; nitidula: Guyane; duodecimpustulata: Cayenne; chalcoptera: Columbia. N Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador; French Guyana; Honduras: S. Esteban; Peru; Surinam; Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela.
figure: habitus in colour (immaculate form)
figure: habitus in colour (three maculate form)
figure: habitus in colour (three maculate form)
figure: habitus in colour (three maculate form)
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