Stolas ephippium (Lichtenstein, 1795)

Cassida Ephippium Lichtenstein, 1795: 65 (TE unknown); Schoenherr, 1817: 230.

Cassida ephippium Herbst, 1799: 310.

Mesomphalia ephippium: Boheman, 1850: 310, 1856: 55, 1862: 150; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3631; Wagener, 1881: 80; Barber, 1916: 118.

Pseudomesomphalia ephippium: Spaeth, 1914 g: 43.

Cassida (Pseudomesomphalia) ephippium: Spaeth, 1937 a: 85.

Stolas ephippium: Haitlinger, 1993 b: 279 (phoretic mites); Borowiec, 1996 a: 234, 1998 b: 184, 1999 d: 139, 2002 a: 119, 2009 f: 706.

Cassida flavo-maculata Fabricius, 1801: 406 (ST in ZMK); Schoenherr, 1817: 227; Spaeth, 1937 a: 86 (as syn. of ephippium).

Mesomphalia flavomaculata: Hope, 1840 b: 91; Boheman, 1850: 313, 1856: 55, 1862: 150; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3632; Wagener, 1881: 80.

Pseudomesomphalia flavomaculata: Spaeth, 1914 g: 37.

Stolas flavomaculata: Blackwelder, 1946: 739.

Mesomphalia plagiata Boheman, 1850: 312 (HT! in NRS!), 1856: 55, 1862: 150; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3634; Wagener, 1881: 80; Spaeth, 1937 a: 86 (as syn. of ephippium).

Stolas plagiata: Blackwelder, 1946: 740; Wilcox, 1975: 150; Maes and Staines, 1991: 50.

Pseudomesomphalia plagiata: Spaeth, 1914 g: 40.

Stolas (s. str.) plagiata: Windsor et al., 1992: 390.

Mesomphalia Salvinii Baly, 1864: 242 (ST! in BMNH, MM!); Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3635; Champion, 1893: 141; Spaeth, 1914 g: 40 (in syn. of plagiata), 1937 a: 86 (as syn. of ephippium).

Mesomphalia xanthospila Champion, 1893: 140 (HT in BMNH); Spaeth, 1937 a: 86 (as syn. of ephippium).

Pseudomesomphalia xanthospila: Spaeth, 1914 g: 43.

Stolas xanthospila: Blackwelder, 1946: 740; Wilcox, 1975: 150; Cuignet, 2008: 365, 367 (parasitoids).

Mesomphalia quadriguttata Champion, 1893: 141 (HT in BMNH); Spaeth, 1937 a: 86 (as syn. of ephippium).

Pseudomesomphalia quadriguttata: Spaeth, 1914 g: 41.

Stolas quadriguttata: Blackwelder, 1946: 740; Wilcox, 1975: 150; Maes and Staines, 1991: 50.

Pseudomesomphalia ephippium ab. or ssp. schmidti Spaeth, 1937 a: 86 (TE in ?).

Host plant: Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea phillomega (Windsor et al., 1992).

Distr.: ephippium Lichtenstein: America australi; ephippium Herbst: Nordamerika; flavomaculata: America meridionali; plagiata: Remedios Columbiae; salvini: Panama; xanthospila: Guatemala: San Juan in Vera Paz; quadriguttata: Nicaragua: Chontales; schmidti: Costa Rica. Brazil: Pará; Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador: Esmeraldas, Pichincha; Guatemala; Guyana; Nicaragua; Panama; Surinam.

figure: habitus in colour

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